Fresh watercress growing in a shallow stream in a home vegetable garden setting
Leafy Greens & Salad

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)

Vegetables/Leafy Greens & Salad/Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)
Watercress in your zone
Pick your zone below to see how this crop fits
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Watercress needs running water or very wet soil -- a genuinely different growing method from every other crop on this site. This isn't a "keep it well watered" crop, it's a semi-aquatic plant. A clean stream, spring, or a container permanently standing in a water tray is the realistic route at garden scale.

Grown from cuttings rather than seed in normal practice, and genuinely harvestable year-round in mild zones with a reliable water source, per the crop database's own description. Its water requirement is the whole story here -- everything else about growing it is straightforward once that condition is met.

Water need

Very High -- running/standing water

Genuinely off the normal scale here -- this isn't "water it more," it needs a permanent water source, not just moist soil.

Calories at a glance

0
Low High

110 kcal/kg -- the lowest calorie density of any leafy green on this hub; grown for its peppery flavour and nutrition, not calories (scale is log-based across all 55 core crops in the calculator).

Temperature Range by Month

Month on the bottom, temperature up the side. The pale green background is what the plant can survive at all -- fatal above or below it, labelled directly on the chart where that applies to your zone. The coral band is its ideal range, and only fades in during the months this zone would actually have the crop in the ground -- reusing the exact same sowing/harvesting data as the calendar further down the page. The blue line is real monthly climate data (not a modelled estimate) for a representative rural/agricultural location in this zone -- a small farming town or agricultural research station rather than a major city, to avoid the warmer bias city weather stations have. For the actual verdict on how well this crop does in your zone, see the badge at the top of the page -- that's based on the site's own researched yield figures, not this chart.

Ideal plant temperature range (shown when the crop is in the ground) Modelled temperature for your zone

Quick Start: Cuttings to Harvest

  1. Start from stem cuttings. Take fresh stem cuttings from an existing patch or a bunch bought for eating, and place the cut ends in a glass of water until roots appear.
  2. Plant into a permanently wet spot. Plant rooted cuttings into the edge of a clean stream, a boggy bed, or a container standing permanently in a water tray -- ordinary garden soil that dries out isn't enough.
  3. Keep the water source clean and moving if possible. Slow-moving or regularly refreshed water genuinely grows better watercress than stagnant water, and reduces the risk of contamination.
  4. Harvest by cutting stems. Snip stems a few centimetres above the water or growing medium, leaving enough plant behind to keep regrowing.
  5. Pick regularly to keep growth tender. Regular cutting keeps new growth young and mild -- older, uncut stems can turn tougher and more peppery than most people want.

Planting & Harvesting Calendar

Pick your zone under "Temperature Range by Month" above and this updates too. Arid zones show no window at all -- the one zone on this site where watercress's water requirement simply can't be met reliably outdoors.

Not viable outdoors in this climate zone.
Select your climate zone above to see watercress's planting and harvesting calendar.
Sweet spot (plant) Extreme (plant, with protection) Under glass (early cover) Main harvest

Calories & Yield

Tropical, Subtropical and Mediterranean zones tie for the best yield here -- and the crop is simply not viable at all in Arid conditions, for exactly the water-supply reasons already covered.

Climate Zone Yield per plant Calories per plant Viability
Tropical / Humid2.0 kg220 kcalViable -- best yield
Subtropical2.0 kg220 kcalViable -- best yield
Mediterranean2.0 kg220 kcalViable -- best yield
Temperate Maritime1.8 kg198 kcalViable
Temperate Continental1.5 kg165 kcalViable
Cool / Boreal0.6 kg66 kcalChallenging (60% yield)
Arid / Semi-Arid----Not viable
Highland / Alpine0.6 kg66 kcalChallenging (60% yield)

Figures per plant, from the site's own crop database. Boreal and Alpine already reflect the 60% penalty applied to challenging zones.

How much is enough? Given the water source it needs, plan the growing spot first and the number of plants second -- a well-sited small patch will genuinely out-produce a larger planting without reliable water. Use the calculator with your own zone's actual yield to refine numbers.

A note on varieties: watercress is mostly grown as a single undifferentiated type, usually propagated from cuttings rather than named seed varieties -- real named-cultivar diversity is genuinely thin.

Seed Saving -- Quick Guide

● Moderate Difficulty
Full Seed-Saving Guide →

Watercress grown near a stream or ditch faces a crossing risk most vegetables never have to worry about: truly wild watercress, the same species, often grows in exactly that kind of waterway.

Servings Calculator: How Much Seed For My Group?

SERVINGS, NOT DAILY CALORIES This works out plate-sized servings of watercress from your seed during its fresh harvest window only, not your group's full daily calorie needs. For that, use the main calculator.

watercress seeds,
and I plan to feed people

Estimated for your selected zone above, using this site's own germination, loss and yield figures for watercress -- a helping is roughly what you'd put on a plate as part of a meal with other veg. Treat it as a planning estimate, not a promise.

Storage & Preservation

Fresh watercress wilts quickly and keeps only a few days refrigerated, ideally with stems standing in a little water -- it genuinely doesn't store well.

There's no good long-term preservation route for this crop -- it's best treated as a continuously-harvested fresh green rather than something to store or bank for later.

Growing Watercress Without Bought Inputs

Genuinely low-maintenance once a suitable wet spot is found -- the water source does most of the work, and the plant itself is tough and fast-growing.

Water quality is the real thing to watch, not pests -- avoid water sources with agricultural or livestock runoff nearby, for genuine food-safety reasons.

Choosing a clean water source from the start is the single most important input-free decision for this crop.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I really need running water to grow watercress?

The crop database is direct: needs running water or very wet soil. A clean stream or spring is ideal, but a large container with the base standing permanently in a water tray, refreshed regularly, can substitute at garden scale. Ordinary damp soil that dries out between waterings isn't enough -- this is a genuinely different water requirement from every other crop on this site.

Is watercress normally grown from seed?

Not usually -- the crop database's own unit for watercress is "cutting," and in practice most home growers start new watercress from stem cuttings taken from an existing patch or a bunch bought for eating, since fresh stems root readily in water.

Why is watercress not viable in Arid zones?

Because its whole growing method depends on a consistent water source, and this site's yield data marks it not viable at all in Arid/Semi-Arid zones -- there simply isn't the reliable water availability its wet-footed growing habit needs.

Not sure how much watercress your household actually needs? Work it out with the calculator.

Start the calculator →